Retrospective study of CT scans of 256 patients from 2018 to 2020. Patients aged 7-83 years, 54.3% male. CT scans evaluated using validated observation checklist
Paired irregular bone located at upper and lateral face. Forms part of orbit, temporal fossa, and infratemporal fossa. Contains malar, temporal, orbital, and maxillary processes. Each process has associated bony articulations
Central incisors have quadrangular labial surface with longitudinal grooves. Lateral incisors show variability, often cone-shaped with foramen caecum. Canines are longest teeth, least caries prone, with long, massive roots
The mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the face. It forms a symmetrical horseshoe shape and is the only moving skull bone. The mandible moves in opposition to the maxilla for chewing and speech. It protects facial organs and holds the lower set of teeth
The mandible is the largest and strongest bone of the face. It consists of a horizontal body and two vertical rami. The body contains 16 sockets for lower teeth. The mandibular symphysis marks the fusion of the two halves
Ideal for patients with insufficient bone mass for traditional implants. Alternative to grafting and sinus lift procedures. Success rate ranges from 97-98% with 12-year survival rate of 96%