Invented by Swiss engineer Robert Durrer in 1948. Commercialized by Austrian companies VOEST and ÖAMG in 1952-1953. Replaced air blowing with oxygen blowing for steel production. By 2000, accounted for 60% of global steel output
China's steel industry grew rapidly after 1978 market reforms. Industry became world's largest producer in late 1990s. Production increased from 123 million tons in 1999 to 1 billion tonnes in 2022
Ferroalloys are iron alloys containing high proportions of manganese, aluminum, or silicon. World production reached 52.8 million tonnes in 2015. Leading producers include China, South Africa, India, Russia, and Kazakhstan. Produced through blast furnaces or electric arc furnaces
Rolling is the most important metal forming process, processing over 95% of metals. Material passes through rotating cylindrical rolls under high compressive stress. Rolling can be classified by temperature, shape, direction, and operation mode
Company signed Strategic Cooperation Agreement with Air Maintenance Factory Directorates. Recycles copper alloys at Balıkesir and Gebze plants. Developed patented 44 Premium product for metal processing
Steel is an iron-carbon alloy used in various industries worldwide. Only 64 countries produced 98% of world's steel in 2020. Global steel production reached 1,950.5 million tonnes in 2021