Tall oil is a yellow-black liquid from kraft process wood pulp. Process converts rosin into sodium soaps through high alkalinity and temperature. Raw rosin soap is collected and acidified to produce crude tall oil. Pine yields range from 5-25 kg/ton pulp, Scots pine from 20-50 kg/ton
Sienna is an earth pigment containing iron oxide and manganese oxide. Natural sienna is yellowish brown, burnt sienna becomes reddish brown. Main components are limonite and goethite, with manganese oxide present. Tuscany clay soil contains limonite, main component of sienna
White spirit is a petroleum-derived clear liquid used as an organic solvent. Three types exist: hydrodesulfurized (type 1), solvent extraction (type 2), hydrogenated (type 3). Type 0 contains saturated C9-C12 hydrocarbons with boiling range 140-200°C
Alkyd is a polyester resin modified with fatty acids and other components. Produced from polyols and organic acids including dicarboxylic acids. Used in paints, varnishes and casting moulds. Approximately 200,000 tons produced annually
Gouache is an opaque water-medium paint containing natural pigment, water, and binding agent. Traditionally made with gum arabic, now uses yellow dextrin since late 19th century. Contains larger particles, higher pigment-to-binder ratio, and sometimes chalk filler. Dries differently from wet state, making color matching challenging
Pink is created by mixing equal parts red and white. Warm-toned red produces coral or salmon shades. Cool-toned red creates brighter, magenta pink. Vermillion and white create pure pink. Adding more white makes pink lighter