Apollo aimed to establish space technology and achieve US space leadership. Program focused on lunar exploration and human capability development
NASA was established in 1958 to replace NACA as the US's civil space agency. Alan Shepard became the first American in space in 1961. John Glenn conducted NASA's first orbital flight in 1962
Hydroxy group (-OH) consists of one oxygen and one hydrogen atom. Alcohols and carboxylic acids contain one or more hydroxy groups. Hydroxyl radicals (·OH) are highly reactive and short-lived. Hydroxy-containing compounds form hydrogen bonds, increasing boiling points
NASA's Apollo program ran from 1961 to 1972, landing first astronauts on Moon. Program used Saturn IB and Saturn V launch vehicles for spacecraft. Uncrewed tests began in 1966 to demonstrate launch vehicle safety. Four crewed missions began in 1968 to test lunar landing capability
Apollo 15 was the ninth crewed mission in the Apollo program. Launched July 26, 1971, with first use of Lunar Roving Vehicle. Mission lasted 19 hours, including 181.5 hours on Moon surface. Landed near Hadley Rille with three astronauts
Luna 2 was first human-made object to touch Moon in 1959. Apollo 11 was first crewed Moon landing in 1969. Soviet Union achieved first hard Moon landing in 1959. U.S. followed with five Surveyor soft landings between 1966-1968