Born in Salonica in 1881 to Ali Rıza Efendi and Zübeyde Hanım. Received military education from Military Middle School to Istanbul Military Academy. Graduated as Captain in 1905 after completing Army War College
Built on Rasattepe in Ankara between 1944 and 1953. Designed by Emin Onat and Orhan Arda in Second National Architecture Movement style. Features 40-ton sarcophagus and Hall of Honor with symbolic sarcophagus. Contains ten towers symbolizing Turkish national ideals
Turkish flag features white crescent and star on red background. Flag design originated in 1844 during Tanzimat period. National anthem written by Mehmet Âkif Ersoy during Turkish War of Independence. Current anthem composition by Osman Zeki Üngör since 1924
Modern humans inhabited Turkey since late Paleolithic period. Anatolia contains world's oldest Neolithic sites, including Göbekli Tepe. Hittite kingdom coexisted with Palaians and Luwians between 1700-1200 BC. Phrygia established around 750 BC, later replaced by Lycians and Carians
Born in 1913 in Bursa to Bosniak parents. Adopted by Atatürk at age twelve in 1925. Given surname Gökçen in 1934, meaning 'belonging to the sky'
Born in 1881 in Thessaloniki to a poor customs official and Muslim mother. Lost his father in 1888, leaving him with only Makbul and Najie. Studied at Shamsi Efendi School and military college. Graduated from Istanbul General Staff Academy in 1905