Roman religion evolved from pantheistic animism to Christianity. Success in life was linked to good relationships with gods. Roman gods ruled heaven, Earth and underworld
Built in 72 CE by Vespasian on Nero's Golden House site. Held 50,000 spectators across four stories and 45 meters high. Constructed from limestone with brick, concrete and volcanic stone. Featured monumental arcades and 80 entrances, including two for gladiators
SPQR stands for "Senatus Populusque Romanus". Established around 509 BCE after Roman monarchy's overthrow. Represents Roman Republic's balance between Senate and citizenry
Rome's first aqueduct was built in 312 BC to supply the city's cattle market. Aqueducts moved water through gravity along steep gradients using various materials. Conduits were buried underground and followed terrain contours. Systems included sedimentation tanks and distribution tanks for water management
Roman legionaries were citizen soldiers recruited under age 45. Initially recruited from Italy, later expanded to provinces. No property requirements, provided state-provided equipment
Forum was originally a marshy lake drained by Cloaca Maxima. First public buildings appeared in 7th century BC. Forum transformed from cemetery to public space in 8th century BC. Romulus and Titus formed alliance at Vulcanal in early Forum