Tonality arranges pitches and chords in hierarchical relationships. The tonic is the stable pitch or root of a triad. The root of the tonic triad forms the key name. Simple folk music often starts and ends with the tonic note
Guitar chord is a set of notes played simultaneously or sequentially. Standard tuning uses E-A-D-G-B-E' pattern with perfect fourths between strings. Chords can be played in open position, inverted, or with note doubling
Jazz chords contain added notes like 7th, 9th, 11th, and 13th. Jazz voicings often omit notes like root and 5th. Jazz chords often contain clusters of notes ½ or whole step apart
G major scale contains notes G, A, B, C, D, E, F#. Chords follow pattern: Major Minor Minor Major Major Minor Diminished. Basic triads include G major, A minor, B minor, C major, D major, E minor, F# diminished
Bb Major chord consists of Bb, D, and F notes. Barre chord requires index finger barre on 6th fret. Chord can't be played in standard tuning open positions
Major scale is the foundation of western music, with 8 notes in an octave. Major and minor scales use different intervals: 2.2.1.2.2.2.1 or TONE TONE SEMITONE. Key signatures show the number of sharps or flats in a tune. Relative minor scales are 2 intervals lower than major scales