HIV infection occurs in three stages without treatment. Symptoms appear 1-4 weeks after infection, lasting 1-2 weeks. Early symptoms include flu-like symptoms, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes. Some people may have no symptoms at all
HIV has claimed 42.3 million lives globally, with 39.9 million people living with HIV. 630,000 people died from HIV-related causes in 2023. 65% of HIV cases are in WHO African Region. 86% of people living with HIV know their status in 2023
39.9 million people worldwide live with HIV in 2023. 1.3 million new HIV infections occurred in 2023, down 39% since 2010. 86% of people with HIV know their status globally. 77% of people with HIV access antiretroviral therapy. 72% of people with HIV are virally suppressed
HIV destroys CD4+ lymphocytes and impairs cell-mediated immunity. HIV replicates via reverse transcription to produce DNA copies. Normal CD4 count is about 750/mcL, below 200/mcL leads to AIDS. HIV can infect multiple organs including brain, gonads, kidneys, and heart
KS is a cancer forming masses on skin, lymph nodes, mouth, or other organs. Caused by Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8) and immune suppression. First described by Moritz Kaposi in 1872
HIV tests detect virus in blood, saliva, or urine using antibodies, antigens, or RNA. Window period is 18 days for antibody/antigen testing, 11.5 days with NAT. ELISA and western blot combination tests provide highest diagnostic accuracy