First English colony established in Jamestown, Virginia in 1607. Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts in 1620 seeking religious freedom. By 1750, nearly 2 million Europeans lived in American colonies
US remained neutral until 1917, supplying Allies with supplies and money. Public opinion divided between neutrality supporters and war-hawk groups. German submarine warfare and Zimmerman Telegram triggered US entry
Gold dollar was authorized by Congress in 1849 after California gold rush. James B. Longacre designed three types, including smallest diameter (0.5 inch). Type 1 featured Liberty head with 13 stars, Type 2 and 3 had Indian princess design
United States has 50 states plus Washington, D.C. Alaska and Hawaii became 50th states in 1959. Declaration of Independence signed July 4, 1776
US Confederate Constitution and presidency came into effect on February 21. First US ironclad warship USS Monitor launched on January 30. Confederate ironclad Merrimack launched on March 8. Robert E. Lee assumed command of Confederate armies on June 1. Confederates captured Fort Pulaski on April 11
Monroe Doctrine emerged from President Monroe's 1823 Congress address. Doctrine declared American continents free from European colonization. Monroe wrote text with cabinet input and Secretary Adams' support