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Anatomy and Function of the Calcaneus

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Structure and Position: The calcaneus forms the heel of the foot and is the largest bone of the tarsus
It has a forward and lateral long axis
Forms the subtalar joint with the talus bone
Key Features: Contains calcaneal tuberosity with medial and lateral tubercles
Has talar shelf (sustentaculum tali) on medial surface
Contains calcaneal tubercle for peroneal muscle tendons
Has three articular surfaces for talus articulation
Muscular and Developmental Aspects: Three muscles insert on calcaneus: gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris
Ossification center develops during 4th-7th week of fetal development
Three muscles control toes along sole of foot
Clinical Significance: Normal position is vertical with tibia above calcaneus
Can be affected by calcaneal fracture
Involved in subtalar or talocalcaneal tarsal coalition