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MDL File Format Specification

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General Characteristics: MDL format is used in Quake (1996) for 3D modeling
Files contain geometric data, 8-bit textures, and frame-by-frame animations
MDL files have .mdl extension and are binary with header and data sections
Technical Details: Header contains magic number, version, scale/translate, bounding radius
Maximum 2048 triangles, 1024 vertices, 1024 texture coordinates allowed
Files are stored in little-endian (x86) format
Texture data stored as arrays of skinwidth*skinheight elements
Data Structure: Vertices contain compressed coordinates and 162 normal vectors
Frames consist of vertex lists and animation information
Texture coordinates divided into frontface and backface pieces
Models support both simple frames and frame groups
Animation: Models are animated frame-by-frame using linear interpolation
Interpolation percentage ranges from 0.0 to 1.0
Texture coordinates are constant across all frames
Maximum 256 frames allowed in MDL files