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Maya Civilization Overview

Yapay zekadan makale özeti

Geography and History: Maya civilization existed in Mesoamerica from antiquity to early modern period
Covered southeastern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, western Honduras and El Salvador
First settlements appeared around 2600 BC in Cuello region
Civilization divided into Preclassic (2000 BC-250 AD), Classic (250-900 AD), and Postclassic (950-1539 AD)
Political Structure: Complex political system with multiple city-states and chiefdoms
Kings held semi-divine status, acting as mediators between mortals and gods
Royal succession was patrilineal, typically passed to eldest son
Political power reinforced by military conquest and tribute systems
Culture and Society: Developed sophisticated writing system, most advanced in pre-Columbian Americas
Created complex art using wood, jade, obsidian, ceramics, and murals
Society divided between elite and commoners, with land held communally
Practiced human sacrifice as part of religious rituals
Decline and Legacy: Central Maya region collapsed in 9th century AD
Last independent Maya city fell to Spanish in 1697
Traditional culture and language persisted despite Spanish conquest
Modern Maya communities maintain traditional lifestyle and language