Martial law — is a temporary transfer of power to the military during emergencies, such as war, rebellion, or natural disasters. Main characteristics of martial law: - Suspension of civil rights. - Military courts. - Increased military presence. Purpose of martial law — to restore order and maintain public safety when civilian authorities are unable to do so effectively. Criticism of martial law focuses on the potential for human rights violations, abuse of power, and the consolidation of authoritarian control.