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Taksim Square and Beyoğlu Overview

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Taksim Square: Modern city center with hotels, restaurants and public transportation
Independence Monument opened in 1928 by Pietro Canonica
AKM building hosts concerts, opera and cultural events since 1978
Square named after stone reservoir where water lines were collected
Beyoglu and Istiklal Street: 2.5 km pedestrian street between Taksim and Galata Tower
Home to 226,000 residents with daily population up to one million
Features boutiques, galleries, theaters, restaurants and cultural institutions
Contains historic buildings including Galatasaray Lisesi and Pera Palace
Tunnel connects Pera to Karaköy, world's second-oldest subway
Historical Context: Area inhabited since Byzantine Empire
Known as Grande Rue de Pera during 19th century Ottoman Empire
Street renamed Istiklal in 1923 to commemorate War of Independence