- Historical Background
- Known as Tsolakert during Middle Ages, documented by Spanish traveler in 15th century
- Ceded to Russian Empire in 1826-1828, flourished under Russian rule
- Became part of Turkey in 1921 Treaty of Kars
- Geography and Climate
- Located on plain at lower altitude than most eastern Turkish provinces
- Continental semi-arid climate with hot summers and cold winters
- Driest city in Turkey with annual precipitation of 261 mm
- Notable Features
- Contains medieval city of Surmari with 1224 walls
- Home to restored 13th-century Armenian caravanserai
- Features Iğdır Genocide Memorial and Museum
- Economy and Tourism
- Main economic activities focus on agricultural and animal products
- 70% of Mount Ararat's area lies within city borders
- Well-connected by road and airport with flights to Istanbul and Ankara
- Environmental Concerns
- Europe's most polluted city in 2021 due to coal burning
- Armenian Nuclear Power Plant poses health risks
- Limited economic opportunities due to closed Armenian border