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Cairo: History and Attractions
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- Location and Size
- Cairo is Egypt's capital and largest metropolitan area in Africa and Middle East
- Located 120 km west of Suez Canal and 165 km south of Mediterranean Sea
- Covers 528 square kilometers in northern Egypt
- Historical Development
- Founded in 969 by Fatimid dynasty as Al Qahirah
- Became capital after 1168 destruction of Fustat
- Transformed into imperial metropolis under Salah El-din in 11th century
- Modern development started in 19th century under Mohammed Ali
- Significance and Culture
- Known as "City of A Thousand Minarets" for Islamic architecture
- Home to world's second-oldest university, Al-Azhar University
- Hosts headquarters of Arab League and major mass media center
- Contains Egyptian Museum and Tahrir Square
- Attractions
- Famous for Giza Pyramids Complex with Great Pyramid of Khufu
- Features numerous mosques including Ibn Tulan and Hassan Mosques
- Includes Khan El Khalili Bazaar and Muizz street
- Ancient Memphis located 24 km southwest of Cairo
- Practical Information
- Climate features 8 months summer and 4 months winter
- Population exceeds 9 million residents
- Historic center awarded World Heritage Site in 1979
- Best time to visit is November to April