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Bali: Indonesia's Hindu-Majority Island

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Geography and Population: Bali is Indonesia's westernmost province, located east of Java
Island covers 5,590 km² with population density of 788 people/km²
Capital Denpasar has population of 748,400 (mid 2023)
Ubud serves as cultural centre, Kuta as main tourist destination
History and Culture: Inhabited by Austronesian people around 2000 BC
Independent Hindu kingdoms ruled until 1906 Dutch conquest
87.91% of population follows Balinese Hinduism
Home to UNESCO World Heritage Subak irrigation system
Tourism and Economy: Tourism makes up 80% of Bali's economy
Named world's top tourist destination by TripAdvisor in 2017
Hosted major international events including G20 summit in 2022
Tourism industry suffered after 2002 and 2005 terrorist attacks
Natural Features: Part of Coral Triangle with highest marine biodiversity
Contains over 500 reef-building coral species
Home to Bali tiger, leopard, and various bird species
Experienced significant volcanic activity, including Mount Agung
Environmental Challenges: Over-tourism has led to drying of 200 out of 400 rivers
Environmental quality score of 99.65 in 2010
Plastic waste crisis in 2017 affected 3.6-mile coastline
Lebih Beach erosion causing 7-meter land loss annually