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    Murray River Overview

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray_River

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    Geography and Characteristics
    • Australia's longest river at 2,508 km, forming Murray-Darling basin
    • Originates in Australian Alps, flows northwest across inland plains
    • Forms border between New South Wales and Victoria
    • Empties into Great Australian Bight through Murray Mouth
    Historical Development
    • First European explorers encountered river in 1824
    • Named after British Secretary Sir George Murray in 1830
    • Steamboats operated commercially from 1853 to 1920
    • First bridge across river built in 1869
    Water Management
    • Four large reservoirs built along river: Hume, Mulwala, Dartmouth
    • Series of locks and weirs constructed for navigation and irrigation
    • River supplies 40% of water for Adelaide
    • Environmental concerns about salinity and ecosystem disruption
    Ecological Significance
    • Supports diverse aquatic life including Murray cod and red gum forests
    • River red gum forests formed 25,000 years ago due to Cadell Fault
    • Supports important agricultural region with irrigation
    • Experienced significant flooding, including 1956 flood lasting up to six months

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