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Diesel Engine Fuel Injector Operation and Maintenance
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- Structure and Operation
- Modern engines have multiple fuel injectors arranged around cylinder head periphery
- Injectors operate at up to 540bar pressure using spring-loaded needle valve
- Fuel atomizes into small particles through nozzle holes
- Injection pressure adjustable by spring loading
- Cooling and Maintenance
- Some injectors have internal water cooling passages
- Modern engines use cylinder head bore cooling and fuel recirculation
- Regular maintenance required for optimal efficiency
- Proper cooling and fuel grade essential for proper operation
- Common Faults
- Overheating or undercooling causes nozzle leakage and carbon buildup
- Weak springs lead to lower injection pressure
- Nozzle leakage creates carbon trumpets affecting spray pattern
- Poor atomization increases combustion time and exhaust temperatures
- Effects and Detection
- Faulty injectors cause overheating and piston damage
- Early injection indicated by knocking in cylinder
- Leaky valves show reduced combustion pressure
- Choked injectors cause reduced power output and smoky exhaust