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Confocal Microscopy Overview
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confocal_microscopyYapay zekadan makale özeti
- Basic Principles
- Confocal microscopy uses pinhole to block out-of-focus light for improved resolution
- Principle patented by Marvin Minsky in 1957
- Light travels through sample at one narrow depth level at a time
- Only in-focus light detected, requiring long exposures
- Technical Features
- Four main types: laser scanning, spinning-disk, microlens enhanced, and PAM
- Scanning achieved using oscillating mirrors in horizontal plane
- Resolution limited by pinhole diameter and wavelength
- Can image live cells with reduced excitation energy
- Applications
- Widely used in biology, medicine, and materials science
- Enables 3D imaging and surface profiling of samples
- Used in pharmaceutical industry for drug manufacturing
- Helps study biofilms and molecular interactions
- Historical Development
- First confocal optical system developed by Hans Goldmann in 1940
- First commercial confocal microscope developed by Mojmír Petráň in 1960s
- First confocal laser scanning microscope published by Egger and Davidovits in 1969
- Commercial production started in 1982 with SOM-25 microscope
- Modern systems offer improved resolution and low-temperature operation