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Anatomy and Function of the Clavicle

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Structure and Location: The clavicle is a S-shaped long bone, approximately 6 inches long
It serves as a strut between the shoulder blade and the sternum
The bone rotates like a key when the shoulder is abducted
It is the only horizontal long bone in the body
Anatomy and Development: The medial end articulates with the sternum at sternoclavicular joint
The lateral end articulates with the scapula at acromioclavicular joint
It is made of cancellous bone surrounded by compact bone shell
It begins ossification during embryonic development
It completes ossification between 21-25 years of age
Clinical Significance: The clavicle is the most commonly fractured bone
Most fractures occur from falls on outstretched arms
The junction between bone curvatures is the weakest point
The mid-clavicular line is used in medical examinations
Evolutionary History: First appeared in primitive bony fish with cleithrum
Present in early tetrapods with diamond-shaped interclavicle
Present in most modern reptiles and monotremes
Fused in birds to form furcula (wishbone)
Present in saurischian dinosaurs but absent in ornithischian