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Web Application Firewall (WAF) Overview

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Definition and Functionality: WAF monitors and filters data packets for malware and viruses
Operates at application layer, requiring reverse proxy
Monitors HTTP/HTTPS traffic entering/exiting web apps
Analyzes GET and POST parts of HTTP traffic
Types and Deployment: Host-based WAFs use hardware devices at client location
Network-based WAFs integrated into application code
Cloud-based WAFs offer most cost-effective solution
Key Features: Detects and mitigates common web application attacks
Includes attack signature database and AI/ML analysis
Provides application profiling and customization options
Offers DDoS protection and correlation engine capabilities
Operation Models: Whitelisting allows trusted requests based on IP addresses
Blacklisting blocks all traffic using predefined signatures
Hybrid approach combines both whitelisting and blacklisting
Advantages and Limitations: Protects against XSS, SQL injection, and DDoS attacks
Requires technical expertise and can create usability issues
Limited by static nature and static content handling
Must be implemented at application layer, unlike firewalls