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Serial Communication Protocols Overview

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RS232 and RS422: RS232 is first serial protocol developed for modems and teletype machines
RS232 supports up to 1Mbps at 50 feet with 9 pins
RS232C version has 25 pins, using only 3 for terminal devices
RS422 supports up to 10Mbps with 4000 feet cable length
RS485 supports up to 32 line drivers and receivers
Synchronous Protocols: I2C supports up to 127 devices with 400 kbps standard speed
SPI enables 50 Mbps data transfer between master and slaves
CAN operates up to 8 Mbps in automotive and industrial environments
USB supports up to 20 Gbps with plug-and-play capability
Microwire is simplified three-wire protocol for microcontroller communication