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PostgreSQL Numeric Types Overview

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Integer Types: Integer types store whole numbers with various ranges
Integer is most common choice for balance between range and performance
Smallint used when disk space is limited
Bigint used when integer range is insufficient
Arbitrary Precision Numbers: Numeric type stores numbers with large digits
Precision indicates total significant digits, scale indicates decimal digits
Maximum precision is 1000 when explicitly specified
NaN (not-a-number) is special value supported
Numeric values stored without leading/trailing zeros
Floating-Point Types: Real type has range 1E-37 to 1E+37 with minimum 6 digits
Double precision typically ranges 1E-307 to 1E+308 with 15 digits
Float(p) notation supports specifying minimum precision
Infinity, -Infinity, and NaN are special values
Serial Types: Create unique identifier columns using sequence generators
Serial and bigserial types create integer columns
Bigserial recommended for tables with over 231 identifiers
Sequences automatically dropped when owning column deleted