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Multithreading in C Programming

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Basic Concepts: Threads are single sequence streams within a process
Threads share code, data and OS resources but have their own resources
Multithreading divides processes into multiple threads running simultaneously
Implementation in C: POSIX Threads (pthreads) library provides thread management functions
Thread creation uses pthread_create() function with thread ID
Thread synchronization uses functions like pthread_join() and pthread_cancel()
Common Issues: Race conditions occur when threads access shared resources simultaneously
Deadlocks happen when threads wait indefinitely for each other
Starvation occurs when threads are denied access indefinitely
Synchronization Methods: Mutex ensures exclusive access to shared resources
Semaphores control access using counters
Barriers synchronize threads at specific execution points
Advantages and Limitations: Improves performance through parallel task execution
Enhances CPU utilization and user experience
Increases program complexity and thread management overheads
Makes programs more prone to bugs and debugging challenges