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IBM 650: First Mass-Produced Computer

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Overview: First mass-produced computer, first installed in 1954
Produced 2,000 units until 1962, making first meaningful profit
Offered as slower alternative to IBM 701/702 for business and science
Technical Specifications: Two-address, bi-quinary coded decimal computer with rotating magnetic drum
Clocked at 125 kHz, performing operations in 1.63ms, 12.96ms, 16.90ms
Weighted 5,400-6,263 pounds with 1,000-4,000 words of memory
Key Features: Basic system included Console Unit, Power Unit, and Card Read Punch Unit
Optional IBM 653 Storage Unit added disk storage and core memory
Supported various programming languages including FORTRAN and FOR TRANSIT
Used for submarine performance modeling and university programming education
Success and Legacy: Most popular computer of 1950s, used in submarine modeling
Donald Knuth wrote famous "Art of Computer Programming" series
UNIVAC Solid State announced as response in 1958
Support withdrawn in 1969, price around $1.5M as of 2023