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Evolution and Structure of CPU

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Historical Development: CPU is the most important processor in a computer executing program instructions
Von Neumann's EDVAC (1949) marked first stored-program computer
Early computers used relays and vacuum tubes, requiring frequent reconfiguration
Transistor technology enabled higher speeds and reliability in 1950s
Modern Implementation: Microprocessors replaced discrete components with integrated circuits
Modern CPUs contain multiple cores on single IC chip
CPU cache reduces memory access time and improves performance
Clock signals control sequential operations and power consumption
Core Components: Control unit manages CPU operations and data flow
Arithmetic-logic unit performs integer operations
Address generation unit calculates memory addresses
Memory management unit translates logical addresses to physical RAM
Technical Characteristics: Word size determines number of bits CPU can process
Modern CPUs use binary representation with voltage levels
Clock gating reduces power consumption in some designs
Asynchronous designs offer advantages in power and heat management