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CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA Network Access Methods

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Basic Concepts: CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA govern data transmission in networks
Both methods operate in single collision domains
CSMA/CD is used for wired media, CSMA/CA for wireless
CSMA/CD Operation: Only one NIC can send at a time while others listen
Devices detect frames using voltage (copper) or light frequencies (fiber)
Multiple devices can access wire simultaneously
Collisions occur when multiple devices send simultaneously
Collision detection creates jam signals with random waiting times
Lost data is retransmitted if collision occurs
CSMA/CA Operation: Wireless devices cannot detect collisions
Uses RTS and CTS signals to avoid collisions
Devices send RTS when ready to transmit
Devices send CTS when ready to transmit again
No simultaneous sending or receiving allowed in wireless