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Base64 Encoding Overview

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Historical Context: SMTP limited email communication to 7-bit ASCII
MIME introduced to enable multimedia transmission through email attachments
Base64 encoding was used to transmit 8-bit data over 7-bit SMTP channels
Technical Details: Base64 uses 64 characters including letters, numbers, +, /, and '=' for padding
Data is converted from binary to ASCII string format
Base 64 uses 64 different values for encoding
Newline characters (LF) are added using ASCII value 10
Implementation Example: "man" word converted to "bWFuCg==" using Base64 encoding
ASCII values of letters converted to binary
Binary data divided into 6-bit groups of 4
Final output padded with '=' characters to fit 4-byte limit