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Differences Between Manga, Manhwa, and Manhua
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- Origins and Terminology
- All three terms come from Chinese "manhua" meaning "impromptu drawings"
- Manga originated in Japan, manhwa in Korea, manhua in China
- Creators are called "mangaka," "manhwaga," or "manhuajia"
- Historical Development
- Manga started in 12th-13th century Japan with Chōjū-giga
- American occupation influenced manga's art style
- Manhwa gained popularity during Korean occupation but faced censorship
- Manhua started in early 20th century with lithographic printing
- Content and Format
- Manga and manhua read right-to-left, top-to-bottom
- Manhwa reads left-to-right, top-to-bottom
- Manga traditionally published in black and white
- Manhwa and manhua published in color
- Censorship and Adaptation
- Manhua shows most visible censorship, especially in intimate content
- Many prominent titles remain unpublished internationally
- Anime increasingly adapts manga, manhwa, and manhua
- Some successful adaptations like Solo Leveling have surpassed mainstream audiences