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Gharbi Classification of Hydatid Cysts
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- Background
- Hydatid disease is caused by Echinococcus granulosus tapeworm
- Disease is transmitted through ingestion of raw vegetables and fruits
- Definitive host is dog, intermediate hosts are sheep
- Classification System
- Gharbi classification divides cysts into five types based on ultrasound appearance
- Type II shows fluid collection with split wall
- Type III has clear calcifications in pericyst
- Type IV shows calcifications in pericyst and serous fluid
- Clinical Features
- Most common complication is cyst rupture
- Adrenal gland location is rare without gland secretion changes
- Type III cysts are least likely to complicate postoperatively
- Diagnosis requires high index of suspicion
- Treatment and Management
- Ultrasound is primary imaging modality
- Treatment depends on cyst nature and location
- Inpatient care similar to other surgical procedures
- Disease is not endemic in US due to immigration treatment changes