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    Freckles: Causes, Types, and Treatment

    medicinenet.com/freckles/article.htm

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    What are Freckles
    • Freckles are harmless melanin spots on skin, typically 1-2mm in size
    • They appear on sun-exposed areas, especially face, neck, and arms
    • Freckles can vary in color from reddish to black, becoming darker with sun
    Causes and Genetics
    • Freckles result from combination of genetics and sun exposure
    • People with fair skin and red hair are more prone to freckling
    • Several genes associated with freckling, including MC1R and IRF4
    Types and Locations
    • Ephelides are common freckles, appearing during sunny months
    • Lentigines are larger pigmented spots from sunburn sites
    • Freckles can appear on lips, eyes, and penis
    Treatment and Prevention
    • Freckles rarely require treatment, but can be lightened with creams
    • Sun protection and avoiding peak sun hours are main prevention methods
    • Freckles are usually permanent due to genetic factors
    Health Considerations
    • Most freckles are harmless and don't become cancerous
    • Hutchinson's freckle is a rare skin cancer risk
    • Any changes in freckles should be evaluated by dermatologist

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