• General Principles
    • Computerised systems are software and hardware components fulfilling specific functionalities
    • Risk management should be applied throughout system lifecycle
    • All personnel should have appropriate qualifications and defined responsibilities
    Validation and Documentation
    • Validation documentation should cover life cycle steps and include change control records
    • User requirements should be traceable throughout system life-cycle
    • System inventory and detailed descriptions should be available for critical systems
    Data Management
    • Electronic systems should include built-in checks for data accuracy
    • Data should be secured physically and electronically with regular backups
    • Audit trails should record all GMP-relevant changes and deletions
    Security and Incident Management
    • Access controls should restrict system access to authorised persons
    • Incidents should be reported and assessed with root cause identification
    • Electronic signatures should have same impact as handwritten ones
    Business Continuity
    • Provisions should ensure business continuity in case of system breakdown
    • Alternative arrangements should be documented and tested
    • Data archiving should be checked for accessibility and integrity

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