Vugraph system originated as Pendergraph in 1991 with Peter Pender's grant
System was first mentioned in New York Times in 1950s
Fred Gitelman became founding member of Bridge Base Online
Modern Vugraph Features
Bridge Base Online hosts real-time vugraph presentations with expert commentary
Presentations include video feeds for better viewing experience
Free vugraph hand mini-game available through BBO website
Alternative Technology
Bridge-O-Rama system preceded Vugraph with lights and switches
Bridge-O-Rama first used at 1958 Bermuda Bowl
New technology faced initial opposition from bridge players
Current Providers
Bridge Base Online hosts major bridge tournaments
FunBridge Live offers free broadcasting service with 400,000 players
Both platforms provide live streaming and expert commentary
Yanıtı değerlendir
{"dnpo0":{"state":{"logoProps":{"url":"https://yandex.com.tr"},"formProps":{"action":"https://yandex.com.tr/search","searchLabel":"Bul"},"services":{"activeItemId":"summary","items":[{"url":"https://yandex.com.tr/gundem/","title":"Gündem","id":"agenda"},{"url":"https://yandex.com.tr/shopping/","title":"Alışveriş","id":"shopping"},{"url":"https://yandex.com.tr/finance/","title":"Finans","id":"finance"},{"url":"https://yandex.com.tr/yacevap/","title":"YaCevap","id":"answers"},{"url":"https://yandex.com.tr/yaozet/","title":"YaÖzet","id":"summary"},{"url":"https://yandex.com.tr/travel/","title":"Seyahat","id":"travel"},{"url":"https://yandex.com.tr/video/search?text=popüler+videolar","title":"Video","id":"video"},{"url":"https://yandex.com.tr/gorsel/","title":"Görsel","id":"images"}]},"userProps":{"loggedIn":false,"ariaLabel":"Menü","plus":false,"birthdayHat":false,"child":false,"dialogProps":{"host":"yandex.com.tr","lang":"tr","project":"summary","queryParams":{"exp_flags":"skin","preset":"oceania","utm_source":"portal-summary"},"retpath":"https%3A%2F%2Fyandex.com.tr%2Fyaozet%2Fgames%2Fevolution-of-bridge-vugraph-technology-id1-5lFvmTPY%3Flr%3D213%26ncrnd%3D53021","tld":"com.tr","platform":"desktop"},"className":"PortalHeader-User"},"suggestProps":{"selectors":{"form":".HeaderForm","input":".HeaderForm-Input","submit":".HeaderForm-Submit","clear":".HeaderForm-Clear","layout":".HeaderForm-InputWrapper"},"suggestUrl":"https://yandex.com.tr/suggest/suggest-ya.cgi?show_experiment=222&show_experiment=224","deleteUrl":"https://yandex.com.tr/suggest-delete-text?srv=web&text_to_delete=","suggestPlaceholder":"Yapay zeka ile bul","platform":"desktop","hideKeyboardOnScroll":false,"additionalFormClasses":["mini-suggest_theme_tile","mini-suggest_overlay_tile","mini-suggest_expanding_yes","mini-suggest_prevent-empty_yes","mini-suggest_type-icon_yes","mini-suggest_personal_yes","mini-suggest_type-icon_yes","mini-suggest_rich_yes","mini-suggest_overlay_dark","mini-suggest_large_yes","mini-suggest_copy-fact_yes","mini-suggest_clipboard_yes","mini-suggest_turboapp_yes","mini-suggest_expanding_yes","mini-suggest_affix_yes","mini-suggest_carousel_yes","mini-suggest_traffic_yes","mini-suggest_re-request_yes","mini-suggest_source_yes","mini-suggest_favicon_yes","mini-suggest_more","mini-suggest_long-fact_yes","mini-suggest_hide-keyboard_yes","mini-suggest_clear-on-submit_yes","mini-suggest_focus-on-change_yes","mini-suggest_short-fact_yes","mini-suggest_app_yes","mini-suggest_grouping_yes","mini-suggest_entity-suggest_yes","mini-suggest_redesigned-navs_yes","mini-suggest_title-multiline_yes","mini-suggest_type-icon-wrapped_yes","mini-suggest_fulltext-highlight_yes","mini-suggest_fulltext-insert_yes","mini-suggest_lines_multi"],"counter":{"service":"summary_com_tr_desktop","url":"//yandex.ru/clck/jclck","timeout":300,"params":{"dtype":"stred","pid":"0","cid":"2873"}},"noSubmit":false,"formAction":"https://yandex.com.tr/search","tld":"com.tr","suggestParams":{"srv":"serp_com_tr_desktop","wiz":"TrWth","yu":"6528456011760010872","lr":213,"uil":"tr","fact":1,"v":4,"use_verified":1,"safeclick":1,"skip_clickdaemon_host":1,"rich_nav":1,"verified_nav":1,"rich_phone":1,"use_favicon":1,"nav_favicon":1,"mt_wizard":1,"history":1,"nav_text":1,"maybe_ads":1,"icon":1,"hl":1,"n":10,"portal":1,"platform":"desktop","mob":0,"extend_fw":1,"suggest_entity_desktop":"1","entity_enrichment":"1","entity_max_count":"5"},"disableWebSuggest":false},"context":{"query":"","reqid":"1760011018478892-3772756617072691438-balancer-l7leveler-kubr-yp-klg-199-BAL","lr":"213","aliceDeeplink":"{\"text\":\"\"}"},"baobab":{"parentNode":{"context":{"genInfo":{"prefix":"dnpow01-0-1"},"ui":"desktop","service":"summary","fast":{"name":"summary","subtype":"header_tr"}}}}},"type":"summary","subtype":"header_tr"},"dnpo1":{"state":{"links":[{"id":"0","title":"Ana Sayfa","url":"/yaozet/","target":"_self"},{"id":"1","title":"Talimatlar","url":"/yaozet/how_to","target":"_self"},{"id":"2","title":"Eğitim","url":"/yaozet/education","target":"_self"},{"id":"3","title":"Tıp","url":"/yaozet/medicine","target":"_self"},{"id":"4","title":"Yasalar","url":"/yaozet/law","target":"_self"},{"id":"5","title":"Finans","url":"/yaozet/finance","target":"_self"},{"id":"6","title":"Oyunlar","url":"/yaozet/games","target":"_self"},{"id":"7","title":"Ürünler","url":"/yaozet/ecom","target":"_self"},{"id":"8","title":"Seyahat","url":"/yaozet/travel","target":"_self"},{"id":"9","title":"Servisler","url":"/yaozet/services","target":"_self"},{"id":"10","title":"Sinema","url":"/yaozet/cinema","target":"_self"},{"id":"11","title":"Programlama","url":"/yaozet/programming","target":"_self"},{"id":"12","title":"Otomobil","url":"/yaozet/auto","target":"_self"},{"id":"13","title":"Yemek","url":"/yaozet/food","target":"_self"},{"id":"14","title":"Bilim","url":"/yaozet/science","target":"_self"},{"id":"15","title":"Spor","url":"/yaozet/sports","target":"_self"},{"id":"16","title":"Edebiyat","url":"/yaozet/literature","target":"_self"},{"id":"17","title":"Emlak","url":"/yaozet/real_estate","target":"_self"},{"id":"18","title":"Diğer","url":"/yaozet/other","target":"_self"}],"activeLinkId":"6","title":"Kategoriler","baobab":{"parentNode":{"context":{"genInfo":{"prefix":"dnpow02-0-1"},"ui":"desktop","service":"summary","fast":{"name":"summary","subtype":"header_categories"}}}}},"type":"summary","subtype":"header_categories"},"dnpo2":{"state":{"article":{"title":"Evolution of Bridge Vugraph Technology","text":"Vugraph system originated as Pendergraph in 1991 with Peter Pender's grant. System was first mentioned in New York Times in 1950s. Fred Gitelman became founding member of Bridge Base Online","detailed":{"text":"Vugraph system originated as Pendergraph in 1991 with Peter Pender's grant. System was first mentioned in New York Times in 1950s. Fred Gitelman became founding member of Bridge Base Online","chapters":[{"id":0,"theses":[{"id":0,"link":null,"text":"Vugraph system originated as Pendergraph in 1991 with Peter Pender's grant"},{"id":1,"link":null,"text":"System was first mentioned in New York Times in 1950s"},{"id":2,"link":null,"text":"Fred Gitelman became founding member of Bridge Base Online"}],"title":"Origins and Development"},{"id":1,"theses":[{"id":0,"link":null,"text":"Bridge Base Online hosts real-time vugraph presentations with expert commentary"},{"id":1,"link":null,"text":"Presentations include video feeds for better viewing experience"},{"id":2,"link":null,"text":"Free vugraph hand mini-game available through BBO website"}],"title":"Modern Vugraph Features"},{"id":2,"theses":[{"id":0,"link":null,"text":"Bridge-O-Rama system preceded Vugraph with lights and switches"},{"id":1,"link":null,"text":"Bridge-O-Rama first used at 1958 Bermuda Bowl"},{"id":2,"link":null,"text":"New technology faced initial opposition from bridge players"}],"title":"Alternative Technology"},{"id":3,"theses":[{"id":0,"link":null,"text":"Bridge Base Online hosts major bridge tournaments"},{"id":1,"link":null,"text":"FunBridge Live offers free broadcasting service with 400,000 players"},{"id":2,"link":null,"text":"Both platforms provide live streaming and expert commentary"}],"title":"Current Providers"}],"keypoints":null},"type":"text","categoryId":"games","url":"https://greatbridgelinks.com/viewing-the-vugraph/","urlProcessed":"https://yandex.com.tr/yaozet/games/evolution-of-bridge-vugraph-technology-id1-5lFvmTPY/games/evolution-of-bridge-vugraph-technology-id1-5lFvmTPY","pageUrl":"https://yandex.com.tr/yaozet/games/evolution-of-bridge-vugraph-technology-id1-5lFvmTPY?lr=213","sharingPath":"games/evolution-of-bridge-vugraph-technology-id1-5lFvmTPY"},"pageUrl":"https://yandex.com.tr/yaozet/games/evolution-of-bridge-vugraph-technology-id1-5lFvmTPY?lr=213","header":{"title":"Evolution of Bridge Vugraph Technology","subtitle":"Yapay zekadan makale özeti","homeUrl":"/yaozet/","sourceUrl":"https://greatbridgelinks.com/viewing-the-vugraph/","hasShare":true,"canUseNativeShare":false,"extralinksItems":[{"variant":"reportFeedback","reportFeedback":{"feature":"YaOzet","title":"Bu yanıtta yanlış olan nedir?","checkBoxLabels":[{"value":"Uygunsuz veya aşağılayıcı yanıt"},{"value":"Bilgi az"},{"value":"Bilgi güncel değil"},{"value":"Görüntüleme hataları"},{"value":"Diğer"}]}}],"categoryUrl":"/yaozet/games","categoryTitle":"Oyunlar"},"feedbackProps":{"feature":"Summary","baseProps":{"metaFields":{"yandexuid":"6528456011760010872","reqid":"1760011018478892-3772756617072691438-balancer-l7leveler-kubr-yp-klg-199-BAL"}},"positiveCheckboxLabels":[{"value":"Yanıtı çok beğendim"},{"value":"Yanıtta gerekli bilgiler var"},{"value":"Kolay anlaşılır"},{"value":"Diğer"}],"negativeCheckboxLabels":[{"value":"Uygunsuz veya aşağılayıcı yanıt"},{"value":"Bilgi az"},{"value":"Bilgi güncel değil"},{"value":"Görüntüleme hataları"},{"value":"Diğer"}]},"isHermione":false,"dialogStoreProps":{"baseUrl":"","baseUrlWs":""},"globalStoreProps":{"imageBackendUrl":"https://yandex.com.tr/images-apphost/image-download?cbird=171","query":"","retina":false,"avatarId":"0","isHermione":false,"isMacOS":false,"tld":"com.tr","isEmbeddedFuturis":false,"isLoggedIn":false,"brand":"yazeka","reqId":"1760011018478892-3772756617072691438-balancer-l7leveler-kubr-yp-klg-199-BAL","device":{"isIOS":false,"platform":"desktop"},"neuroMordaUrl":"","advChatParams":{"advLabelProps":{"compactAdvLabel":false},"needPrerenderCounter":false},"disableUrlParamsModification":false,"feedbackBaseProps":{"featureName":"summary","metaFields":{"yandexuid":"6528456011760010872","reqid":"1760011018478892-3772756617072691438-balancer-l7leveler-kubr-yp-klg-199-BAL"}},"adapterName":"summary"},"baobab":{"parentNode":{"context":{"genInfo":{"prefix":"dnpow03-0-1"},"ui":"desktop","service":"summary","fast":{"name":"summary_item_response"}}}}},"type":"summary_item_response"},"dnpo3":{"state":{"isIndex":false,"form":{"name":"yaozet","action":"/yaozet/create","validatePath":"/yaozet/create/json"},"baobab":{"parentNode":{"context":{"genInfo":{"prefix":"dnpow04-0-1"},"ui":"desktop","service":"summary","fast":{"name":"summary","subtype":"right-column"}}}}},"type":"summary","subtype":"right-column"},"dnpo4":{"state":{"generalLinks":[{"id":"privacy-policy","text":"Gizlilik politikası","url":"https://yandex.com.tr/legal/privacy_policy/tr/"},{"id":"terms-of-service","text":"Kullanıcı sözleşmesi","url":"https://yandex.com.tr/legal/yaozet_termsofuse"},{"id":"report-error","text":"Hata bildir","url":"https://forms.yandex.com.tr/surveys/13748122.01a6645a1ef15703c9b82a7b6c521932ddc0e3f7/"},{"id":"about-company","text":"Şirket hakkında","url":"https://yandex.com.tr/project/portal/contacts/"}],"copyright":{"url":"https://yandex.com.tr","currentYear":2025},"socialLinks":[{"url":"https://www.tiktok.com/@yandex.turkiye","type":"tiktok","title":"TikTok"},{"url":"https://www.youtube.com/@YandexTurkiye","type":"youtube","title":"Youtube"},{"url":"https://www.facebook.com/YandexComTr","type":"facebook","title":"Facebook"},{"url":"https://www.instagram.com/yandex__turkiye/","type":"instagram","title":"Instagram"},{"url":"https://x.com/yndxturkiye","type":"x","title":"X"}],"categoriesLink":[],"baobab":{"parentNode":{"context":{"genInfo":{"prefix":"dnpow05-0-1"},"ui":"desktop","service":"summary","fast":{"name":"summary","subtype":"footer_tr"}}}}},"type":"summary","subtype":"footer_tr"}}