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    Navajo Language Overview

    omniglot.com/writing/navajo.htm

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    General Information
    • Navajo is a South Athabaskan language spoken in northeastern USA
    • Native name is Diné bizaad, related to Apache languages
    • Approximately 170,000 people speak Navajo at home
    • First written in 1849 by Lt. James H. Simpson
    Writing History
    • Missionaries developed various spelling systems in early 20th century
    • Standard Navajo alphabet created in 1939 by John Collier and others
    • New alphabet faced resistance due to livestock reduction policies
    • Recent computer fonts have improved writing capabilities
    Education and Media
    • Navajo taught in schools since 1984
    • Diné College offers associate degree in Navajo since 1989
    • First Navajo newspaper published 1943-1957
    • Radio stations, TV broadcasts, and Star Wars translation exist
    Language Structure
    • Uses Latin script with four tones
    • Long vowels are doubled (aa)
    • High tone marked with acute accent (á, é)
    • Rising and falling tones occur only with long vowels

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