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Military Squad Structure and Evolution

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Definition and Basic Structure: Squad is a small military organization led by a non-commissioned officer
NATO and US Army define it as larger than team but smaller than section
US Army squads typically consist of 8-14 soldiers
Historical Development: Originally used for drill and administrative purposes in US Army
US Army rifle squads were 8-man units until 1939
1939 reorganization created 12-man squads with three elements
1948 downsized to 9-man organization after WWII
Current US Army structure: 9 soldiers in two 4-man fire teams
Leadership and Ranks: Squad leader typically staff sergeant (E-6) in US Army
Marine Corps squad leaders typically sergeant (E-5)
British Commonwealth uses "section commander" for squad leaders
Special Variations: US Marine Corps squads can be 12-15 Marines
US Air Force Security Forces use 3 fire teams of 4 members
Chinese National Revolutionary Army squads were 14 men strong
Soviet squads mounted in BTR or BMP vehicles
Canadian Forces use "escouade" for drill movements