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Microscopic Specimen Staining Techniques
openstax.org/books/microbiology/pages/2-4-staining-microscopic-specimensYapay zekadan makale özeti
- Basic Preparation
- Most cells lack color and contrast under microscope
- Wet mounts use liquid drops for simple specimen preparation
- Fixation attaches cells to slides using heat or chemicals
- Staining Methods
- Simple staining uses single dye to emphasize structures
- Differential staining distinguishes organisms using multiple dyes
- Gram stain differentiates bacteria with different cell wall types
- Acid-fast staining shows waxy mycolic acid-containing bacteria
- Capsule staining reveals protective outer structures
- Endospore staining uses malachite green to visualize spores
- Flagella staining thickens thin bacterial locomotion structures
- Electron Microscopy
- TEM requires thin sections embedded in plastic resin
- SEM specimens need critical point drying and sputter coating
- Darkfield microscopy used for live specimens
- Clinical Applications
- Staining helps identify pathogens and antibiotic resistance
- Fluorescence microscopy tests new antibiotics against resistant strains
- Immunofluorescence used to identify specific pathogens
- Proper antibiotic use crucial to prevent resistance