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Leased Line Overview and Evolution

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Definition and Characteristics: Leased line is a private telecommunications circuit provided by commercial contract
Unlike PSTN, leased lines are not switched circuits with no telephone numbers
Each side of the line is permanently connected and dedicated
Used for telephone, Internet, or other data communication services
Historical Development: Became digital in 1970s with Bell backbone network conversion
Initially used for mainframe connections via IBM and DECnet
Evolved to Frame Relay and ATM networks in 1980s
Internet leased lines provided up to 10 Gbit/s speeds in early 21st century
Applications: Used for site-to-site data connectivity with routers
Enables PBX connectivity for inter-site telephony
Connects customer sites to telco network access points
Functions as international private leased circuit (IPLC)
Regional Variations: UK offers speeds from 64 kbit/s to 34.368 Mbit/s
US uses FT1 circuits with customer-managed termination equipment
India provides speeds from 64 kbit/s to 622 Mbit/s
Italy offers speeds from 64 kbit/s to E1 through DCE3 modem
Alternatives: Leased lines are more expensive than DSL alternatives
Some ISPs offer leased-line-like services over standard networks
Most alternatives provide half-duplex or asymmetrical service