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History and Characteristics of Rostov Oblast

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Historical Development: Area was known as Scythia, Stsitiya, or Sarmatia in ancient times
Scythians settled in region from 8th-7th centuries BC
Greeks colonized Black Sea coast in 6th-5th centuries BC
Mongols invaded region in 1223, leading to Russian-Polovtsian conflict
Don Cossacks settled in region from mid-16th century
Region became part of Russian Empire in 18th century
Decossackization occurred in 1932-1933
Geography and Climate: Located in southern East European Plain and North Caucasus
Extends 470 km north-south and 455 km west-east
Temperate continental climate with average January -3°C
Mostly steppe zone with fertile black soil
Economy and Resources: Second largest agricultural producer in Russia
Rich in coal, natural gas, oil, and phosphorites
Leading region in various industries
Rostov Nuclear Power Plant located nearby
Tourism: Attracts tourists for rich history and unique culture
Features Don River, Taganrog Bay, and Tsimlyansk reservoir
Contains over 8,000 federal archaeological heritage objects
Major tourist centers include Rostov-on-Don, Taganrog, Azov, Novocherkassk