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    Confucius's Philosophy and Sources

    la-caverne-de-platon.github.io/Backup-Stanford-Encyclopedia-of-Philosophy/entries/confucius/index.html

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    Historical Context
    • Confucius's authority evolved over time through different cultural interactions
    • He was identified with Chinese bureaucracy and ritual transmission
    • By Han period, Confucius was influential in government and moral education
    • Neo-Confucianism emerged in Song period, emphasizing cosmic pattern and pneumas
    Sources and Texts
    • Early sources include Sima Qian's "Hereditary House" and Confucius's dialogues
    • Analects traditionally considered most authoritative Confucius text
    • New discoveries include parallel texts from Dingzhou, Jongbaekdong, and Haihun
    • Confucius taught 77 direct disciples and trained 3000 students
    Ritual and Social Philosophy
    • Confucius emphasized proper ritual performance and reverence
    • Ritual restricted desires and transformed character development
    • He rejected conventional values like wealth and social status
    • Ritual provided alternative source of value in society
    Virtues and Character
    • Five central virtues: benevolence, righteousness, ritual propriety, wisdom, trustworthiness
    • Virtues adapted from existing cultural ideals
    • Benevolence emphasized unselfishness and treating others as guests
    • Confucius emphasized following "way of the gentleman" over conventional values

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